COVID-19 placed a special role on fiscal policy in rescuing companies short of liquidity from insolvency. In the first months of the crisis, SMEs as the backbone of Germany’s economy benefited from large and…
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) presents a major technology transformation towards a data-driven economy, associated with both high costs and potential benefits. We build and estimate a dynamic discrete…
This paper explores the role of 4.0 technologies in three dimensions. First, we examine the patterns and trends in the emergence of 4.0 technologies in Europe, differentiating between technology groups (core,…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a set of techniques that enable new ways of innovation and allows firms to offer new features of products and services, to improve production, marketing and administration…
Multiple institutional affiliations occur when an academic belongs to more than one organisation. Recent research shows an increase in multiple affiliations, but evidence on roles and motivations is mainly…
Evidence-based STI (science, technology, and innovation) policy making requires accurate indicators of innovation in order to promote economic growth. However, traditional indicators from patents and…