This paper studies the reduced-form effects of constitutional-level balanced budget rules (BBRs) on scal outcomes. Using historical data for a large set of countries dating back to the nineteenth …
Innovation is one of the major drivers of economic growth, where spatial processes of knowledge spillover play a vital role. Current practices in assessing firms’ innovation activity, including patent…
This paper studies the distributional effects of rising energy costs for households. In contrast to most of the previous literature, our specification differentiates between electricity and heating demand and…
This study investigates the within-country heterogeneity of material footprints implied by households’ consumption in Germany. Material footprints are defined as the amount of biomass, minerals, and fossil…
