Within the economic profession, it is a widely held view that the fiscal criteria of the Maastricht treaty are arbitrary numbers without economic foundation. Much of this criticism seems to overlook an important…

While the potential merits of the German apprenticeship training system seem to be fairly well documented, relatively little is known about those youths who, at one point or another, do not follow the usual…

This paper builds on the repeatedly documented empirical observation that flows of international patent applications are closely related to international trade relationships. In the first part of this paper we…