1. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-49 // 2003

    Do Fixed-Term Contracts Increase the Long-Term Employment Opportunities of the Unemployed?

    The paper investigates whether (unsubsidised) fixed-term contracts (FTCs) are a means of integration for the unemployed in the West German labour market. This is done by analysing whether entering into an FTC…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-48 // 2003

    What Determines the ZEW Indicator?

    This paper analyzes which factors are driving the ZEW Indicator of Economic Sentiment. Using the results of a poll among survey participants as well as Granger causality tests we identify three groups of…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-47 // 2003

    Works Councils and the Productivity Impact of Direct Employee Participation

    This paper measures the productivity impact of management-led participative establishment practices. On the basis of a representative German establishment data set, the IAB establishment panel, the study finds…

  4. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-46 // 2003

    Strategic Complementarities Between Different Types of ICT–expenditures

    Multivariate Tobit models are estimated using German cross–sectional data to test whether strategic complementarities exist between expenditures in four different types of ICT–components. If two…

  5. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-44 // 2003

    Is the Behavior of German Venture Capitalists Different? Evidence from the Neuer Markt

    Using a unique, hand-collected database of all venture- backed firms listed on Germany's Neuer Markt, we analyze the history of venture capital financing of these firms before the IPO and the behavior of venture…

  6. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-42 // 2003

    Changes in Union Membership Over Time: A Panel Analysis for West Germany

    Despite the apparent stability of the wage bargaining institutions in West Germany, aggregate union membership has been declining dramatically since the early 90's. However, aggregate gross membership numbers do…

  7. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-40 // 2003

    Knowledge Flows, R&D Spillovers and Innovation

    Knowledge flows within and across countries should be carriers of important learning spillovers. We use data on 1.5 million patents and 4.5 million citations to analyze knowledge flows across 147 subnational…

  8. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-39 // 2003

    Coagglomeration and Growth

    We study the coagglomeration of domestic plants and foreign multinationals and the impact of this on domestic plant growth using data for Irish manufacturing. To this end we make use of the index developed by…

  9. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-38 // 2003

    Spatial Externalities and Empirical Analysis: The Case of Italy

    In the last ten years the space issue, i.e. the study of the role played by space in economic phenomena, has attracted a lot of interest from many economic fields. The combination of increasing returns, market…