1. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 17-046 // 2017

    Tax Incentives for Research and Development and Their Use in Tax Planning

    This study provides a comprehensive analysis of various aspects of R&D tax incentives. It explains the economic justification behind the state support of research and development and summarizes its main types.…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 17-045 // 2017

    Tax Morale and the Role of Social Norms and Reciprocity. Evidence from a Randomized Survey Experiment

    We present the first randomized survey experiment in the context of tax compliance to assess the role of social norms and reciprocity for intrinsic tax morale. We find that participants in a reciprocity…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 17-044 // 2017

    Energy Transition in Germany and Regional Spillovers: What Triggers the Diffusion of Renewable Energy in Firms?

    The success of an energy turnaround towards renewables highly depends on the willingness and ability of firms to adopt energy technologies using renewable sources. Existing studies focused on the role of…

  4. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 17-042 // 2017

    Subsidized and Non-Subsidized R&D Projects: Do They Differ?

    Little is known about whether and to what extent the outcome of subsidized and non-subsidized R&D projects differ. In this paper we exploit a novel dataset of patent applications filed in Germany between…

  5. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 17-041 // 2017

    Patterns of Entry and Exit in the Deregulated German Interurban Bus Industry

    We study patterns of entry and exit in the German interurban bus industry in the first three years after its deregulation in January 2013. Using a comprehensive data set of all firm and route entries and exits,…