1. Expertises // 2020

    Der EU-Vorschlag zum Country-by-Country Reporting im Internet – Kosten, Nutzen, Konsequenzen

    During the debate on base erosion and profit shifting of multinational firms, the claim for the disclosure of certain tax-related information on a per-country basis, the so called country-by-country reporting…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-090 // 2020

    Career Paths in Online Labor Markets: Same, Same but Different?

    The emergence of online labor markets calls the validity of traditional career models into question. Given the volatility and digital nature of this environment, short-term employment relationships and…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-089 // 2020

    ‘Pay-Later’ vs. ‘Pay-as-You-Go’: Experimental Evidence on Present-Biased Overconsumption and the Importance of Timing

    When consuming goods provided by public utilities, such as telecommunication, water, gas or electricity, the predominant payment scheme is pay-later billing. This paper identifies one potential consequence of…

  4. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-088 // 2020

    Public R&D Investment in Economic Crises

    We study the cyclicality of public R&D in 28 OECD countries (1995 – 2017). While procyclical on average, public R&D reacts asymmetrically over different phases of the business cycle and becomes acyclical during…

  5. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-087 // 2020

    Consumer Salience and Quality Provision in (Un)Regulated Public Service Markets

    This paper examines the publication of quality indicators in service markets with public finance systems, such as education and healthcare markets. We provide a spatial model of product differentiation in which…

  6. Discussion and Working Paper // 2020

    A Note on Germany‘s Role in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

    This paper provides in-depth insights into patenting activities intechnologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in Germanyand worldwide between the years 1990 and 2016. The descriptiveanalysis…

  7. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-086 // 2020

    Public Subsidies and the Sources of Venture Capital

    Research suggests that public subsidies for newly founded firms have a positive effect on follow-on financing, in particular, Venture Capital (VC). This study differentiates between Government VC, Independent…

  8. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-085 // 2020

    Earnings of University Dropouts Across Europe

    This paper investigates relative earnings of individuals leaving tertiary education without a degree across 18 European countries employing survey data on adult workers. We find that, on average, university…

  9. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-084 // 2020

    Returns to Higher Education and Dropouts: A Double Machine Learning Approach

    This paper provides estimates of the short-term individual returns to Higher Education (HE) in the United Kingdom, focusing on the effects of attending HE on the labour market outcomes for dropouts. Results show…

  10. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-083 // 2020

    Are Firms Withdrawing From Basic Research? An Analysis of Firm-Level Publication Behaviour in Germany

    Previous research has expressed concerns about firms engaging less in basic research. We contribute to this debate by studying trends in the scientific publishing activities of firms located in Germany. Our…

  11. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-082 // 2020

    Split-Award Auctions and Supply Disruptions

    Problem Definition: We consider a buyer that needs to source a fixed quantity. She faces several potential suppliers that might fail to deliver. The buyer conducts a procurement auction to determine contract…

  12. ZEW policy brief No. 20-08 // 2020

    More R&D, Less Growth? China’s Decreasing Research Productivity in International Comparison

    Innovation is widely considered the primary driver of growth in high-income economies. The efficiency by which an economy is able to transform research & development (R&D) inputs into output growth is captured…