History of ZEW
History of the Institute
History of the Institute
In 1991, headed by Professor Heinz König and founding Managing Director Ernst O. Schulze, ZEW began operations with just 17 employees and five student assistants, initially working in the following areas: financial markets, labour markets, industrial economics, corporate taxation and environmental economics.
Since its founding year, experts from banks, insurance companies and the finance departments of selected large companies have been surveyed monthly as part of the ZEW Financial Market Survey for their assessments and forecasts of important international financial market data. The results are used to generate the ZEW Indicator of Economic Sentiment as an early barometer of the economic situation in Germany.
In 1992, ZEW began conducting research on a single floor of the Iduna tower block near the Mannheim Main Station. Along with the HUK building, the Iduna building was home to many ZEW researchers up until 1996. Later, ZEW relocated to its new premises in the Quadrat L 7,1, thus moving closer to the University of Mannheim.
In 1993, ZEW organised its first lecture series, titled First-Hand Information on Economic Policy, in the Hall of Knights (Rittersaal) in the Mannheim Palace. Pressing economic policy issues and recent developments were and continue to be the focus of the ZEW event series, featuring speakers from politics, business, and economic research.
The ZEW Sponsors’ Association was founded to facilitate a trust-based dialogue between research and practice. The ZEW Sponsors' Association initiates practice-oriented research projects, sponsors events, and awards endowments for outstanding scientific research conducted at ZEW.
In 1995, the foundation stone was laid for the present-day ZEW building in Mannheim.
In 1997, Professor Wolfgang Franz assumed the scientific leadership of the institute from Professor Heinz König, who retired in April 1997.
The researchers of ZEW moved to the new Atrium building in the Quadrat L 7, 1.
In 2001, ZEW received the Initiative Prize for promoting the city of Mannheim as a cultural and economic hub.
In 2004, the Heinz König Award, endowed with 5,000 euros, was presented for the first time for outstanding scientific work. It is aimed at young researchers under the age of 35 who have achieved a demonstrable impact in their field of research and strive for widespread knowledge transfer of their results.
Also in this year, the ZEW Research Group “Information and Communication Technologies” (now the ZEW Research Unit “Digital Economy”) was founded. In its first year, it organised the “Conference on the Economics of Information and Communications Technologies”, which has become one of the most important scientific events in the field of digital economy.
Thomas Kohl took over as managing director of ZEW from the retiring founding director Ernst O. Schulze.
In 2005, ZEW became a member of the Leibniz Association, one of Germany’s four major non-university research organisations. The prerequisite for admission was the previous decision of the Federal-State Commission for Educational Planning and Research Promotion to include ZEW in joint federal-state research funding from 1 January 2005. This decision was implemented following a recommendation of the German Science and Humanities Council in 1999, which was based on the excellent evaluation of ZEW’s research and advisory work.
In 2008, Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel visited ZEW. Around 570 guests attend the event.
In 2009, the institute was successfully evaluated for the first time by the Leibniz Association. On the basis of the excellent evaluation results, the Senate of the Leibniz Association recommended to the federal and state governments that ZEW should continue to be funded as an institution of supra-regional importance and national scientific policy interest.
In 2010, the international research programme “Strengthening Efficiency and Competitiveness in the European Knowledge Economies” (SEEK), funded by the state of Baden-Württemberg, started at ZEW. As part of the programme, researchers analysed the most pressing questions of European economic policy in an application-oriented manner. After more than ten years, SEEK ended in March 2021. A total of 59 research projects were successfully carried out under the programme. It also significantly contributed to increasing ZEW’s outreach as an internationally recognised competence centre for European economic policy matters.
In 2012, the ZEW Research Data Centre (ZEW-FDZ) was accredited by the German Data Forum (RatSWD). The ZEW-FDZ offers external researchers access to various microdata for scientific use. The data comes from ZEW surveys such as the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) or the ZEW ICT Survey.
The Leibniz ScienceCampus Mannheim Centre for Competition and Innovation (MaCCI) was founded, where ZEW and the School of Law and Economics of the University of Mannheim work together on scientific projects focused on competition, regulation, and innovation.
The ZEW Research Group “Competition and Regulation” commenced its work, investigating economic issues in the field of competition and regulation. A particular focus was on network industries such as the gas and electricity industries or rail and air transport.
In 2013, Professor Clemens Fuest became the new president of ZEW. He succeeded the retiring Professor Wolfgang Franz.
In 2014, the Leibniz ScienceCampus “Mannheim Taxation”, a joint project of ZEW and the University of Mannheim, was launched. The main focus is on the design of future tax policy in the context of European and global integration as well as new economic and social challenges (e.g. globalisation with internationally operating companies and digitalisation).
In 2016, Professor Achim Wambach became president of ZEW. He succeeded Professor Clemens Fuest, who moved to the ifo Institute in Munich.
ZEW achieved a rating of very good to excellent as part of a regular external evaluation to which all institutions within the Leibniz Association must submit themselves at least once every seven years. On the basis of this result the Senate of the Leibniz Association made the decision to recommend further federal and state funding for the institute.
ZEW purchased its own building in the Quadrat L7, 1 in Mannheim.
In 2017, ZEW participated for the first time as a scientific partner in the YES! – Young Economic Solutions (formerly Young Economic Summit), one of Germany’s largest nationwide high school student competitions on economic and social challenges facing the younger generation. The mentored school teams regularly achieve top positions in the national competition.
In 2018, ZEW established the Research Group “Market Design”. The German Science and Humanities Council recommended to the Joint Science Conference (GWK) of the Federal Government and the Länder to permanently fund the strategic expansion of the research institute into a competence centre for market and institutional design.
For the first time, ZEW employees took part in the campaign “City Cycling – Cycling for a Better Climate” organised by the city of Mannheim in collaboration with the state of Baden-Württemberg. The goal of the initiative, which is carried out on an annual basis, is to promote climate protection whilst encouraging people to take up cycling in a fun way.
In 2021, the project group “Health Care Markets and Health Policy” was established at ZEW, focusing on the analysis of health care markets and the evaluation of health care policy measures.
In 2024, Managing Director Thomas Kohl retired. Claudia von Schuttenbach took up the position as his successor.
Notable ZEW Visitors
29.06.2001: Dr. Werner Müller, Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Technology
21.01.2002: Walter Riester, Federal Minister for Labour and Social Affairs
24.02.2004: Wolfgang Clement, Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Labour
18.11.2004: Hans Eichel, Federal Minister for Finance
25.09.2006: Peer Steinbrück, Federal Minister for Finance
11.12.2006: Dr. Heiner Geißler, retired Federal Minister
16.12.2008: Dr. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany
20.09.2010: Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble, Federal Minister for Finance
08.04.2013: Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble, Federal Minister for Finance
18.06.2013: Dr. Ursula von der Leyen, Federal Minister for Labour and Social Affairs
03.02.2014: Prof. Dr. Johanna Wanka, Federal Minister for Education and Research
19.02.2016: Prof. Dr. Johanna Wanka, Federal Minister for Education and Research
14.05.2019: Winfried Hermann, Baden-Württemberg Minister for Transport
13.01.2020: Peter Altmaier, Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy
27.06.2023: Dr. Nicole Hoffmeister-Kraut, Baden-Württemberg Minister for Economic Affairs, Labour and Housing
27.11.2023: Dr. Danyal Bayaz, Baden-Württemberg Minister of Finance
08.05.2024: Dr. Volker Wissing, Federal Minister for Digital and Transport
18.12.2007: Dr.-Ing. Ekkehard D. Schulz, Chairman of the Executive Board, ThyssenKrupp AG
07.02.2008: Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht, Chairman of the Executive Board, BASF SE
11.02.2009: René Obermann, Chairman of the Executive Board, Deutsche Telekom AG
15.12.2014: Timotheus Höttges, Chairman of the Executive Board, Deutsche Telekom AG
20.02.2018: Dr. Rolf Martin Schmitz, Chairman of the Executive Board (CEO), RWE AG
12.07.2018: Claudia Nemat, Executive Board Member, Deutsche Telekom AG
04.12.2018: Klaus Fröhlich, Executive Board Member, BMW Group
07.09.2020: Luka Mucic, CFO, SAP SE
09.02.2021: Dr. Martin Brudermüller, Chairman of the Executive Board, BASF SE
07.11.2022: Carsten Spohr, Chairman of the Executive Board, Deutsche Lufthansa AG
23.03.2024: Dr.-Ing. Leonhard Birnbaum, Chairman of the Executive Board, E.ON SE
Current and Past ZEW Presidents
Achim Wambach // since 2016
Achim Wambach
ZEW President since 2016Achim Wambach, PhD has been the president of ZEW since April 2016 and is professor of economics at the University of Mannheim. His research interests include issues relating to market design and competition policy. He was a member of the Monopolies Commission from 2014 to June 2022 and was its chairman from 2016 to September 2020. For the 2017-2018 term of office, he was chairman of the Verein für Socialpolitik (German Economic Association). He is also a member of the Academic Advisory Board of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, which he chaired from 2012 to 2015.
Clemens Fuest // 2013-2016
Clemens Fuest
ZEW President from 2013 to 2016During his presidency, Professor Clemens Fuest strengthened ZEW’s role as one of Europe’s leading economic research institutes. He also established the current Research Group “Inequality and Public Policy” at ZEW.
Wolfgang Franz // 1997-2013
Wolfgang Franz
ZEW President from 1997 to 2013Professor Wolfgang Franz served as ZEW president from 1997 to 2013 and provided the institute with important scientific and structural impetus. Until 2013, he was chairman of the German Council of Economic Experts. In recognition of his outstanding commitment to ZEW, the Minister President of Baden-Württemberg, Winfried Kretschmann, awarded him the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Cross of Merit 1st Class), at his farewell from ZEW.
Heinz König // 1991-1997
Heinz König
ZEW President from 1991 to 1997Professor Heinz König is the scientific founding father of ZEW Mannheim. As one of Germany’s leading economists, he was instrumental in establishing the research institute and helped ZEW to its current position in the international research landscape. His high academic reputation, his experience as a research manager and his eye for committed and talented employees have had a lasting impact on ZEW.
Current and Past ZEW Managing Directors
Claudia von Schuttenbach // seit 2024
Claudia Schuttenbach
Managing Director since 2024Before joining ZEW, Claudia von Schuttenbach was chancellor of Hochschule Mannheim – University of Applied Sciences, specialising in finance, human resources, legal affairs and construction. She collaborated closely with various academic institutions and authorities and actively participated in statewide working groups addressing leadership topics, bureaucracy reduction, and digitalisation of administration.
Thomas Kohl // 2004-2024
Thomas Kohl
Managing Director from 2004 to 2024Thomas Kohl came to ZEW in 1992. Initially as head of Human Resources, he later took over responsibility for the “General Services” Unit. In 2004, he became the managing director of ZEW. Thomas Kohl has been a member of various national and international working groups, advisory boards and committees, and a visiting professor at two Chinese universities. He initiated and is one of the four founding directors of the Leibniz ScienceCampi “Mannheim Centre for Competition and Innovation” and “MannheimTaxation”.
Ernst O. Schulze // 1991-2004
Ernst O. Schulze
Managing Director from 1991 to 2004Ernst O. Schulze joined ZEW at the end of 1990 and, as one of the two founding directors, played a key role in supporting and shaping the institute’s start-up phase. As a science manager, his expertise, experience and contacts in the fields of research and science played a decisive role in the successful development and expansion of ZEW. He was particularly instrumental in introducing modern management tools and techniques appropriate to the scientific field, such as a flexible financial statute and computerised planning and control instruments.