ZEW Discussion Papers

In a linear regression model, specifying the conditional mean of a variable (outcome y) as a linear function of a set of explanatory variables (regressors x ), E(y|x) = xθ, absence of correlation between the…

Local labor markets show strong regional differences in labor outcomes and economic conditions. Regional differences affect the welfare of local populations as well as the effectiveness of local policy…

The acquisition of ownership rights by a firm in its suppliers is a common feature in various industries. Often, these acquisitions are reduced to a participation in the target's cash flow, and not associated…

In this paper, transaction costs of German firms, regulated under the EU emissions trading scheme (EU ETS) are examined empirically. Introduced in 2005, the EU ETS currently regulates carbon dioxide emissions…

The career prospects of young academics in Germany are the subject of an intensive public debate. During the early 2000s, the academic career path was characterized by the availability of only few tenured…

Numerous studies have evaluated the effect of nutrition early in life on health much later in life by comparing individuals born during a famine to others. Nutritional intake is typically unobserved and…

There is a substantial body of literature on the extent to which firms that receive venture capital financing generate more innovation than non-venture-backed companies. Most studies find that, on average,…

In the European Union, transport is the largest consumer of oil products and second largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2); within the sector, road transport dominates in both regards. Consumer shift to…

Business start-ups and young enterprises introduce new products to the market and employ new processes for production. In order to create these new products and processes, firms often engage in R&D. Since…