Innovation Survey - Academic Papers

Selected Academic Papers

The Mannheim Innovation Panel offers unique opportunities to address questions of economics and economic policy in relation to firms' innovation activities. The following ZEW discussion papers draw on data from the ZEW innovation survey.

2024

• Horbach, Jens and Christian Rammer (2024), Energy Price Shocks and Short- Time Reactions of Firms: The Case of the German Energy Crisis in 2022, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 24-075, Mannheim. Download
• Carioli, Paolo, Dirk Czarnitzki and Christian Rammer (2024), Industry-Science-Interaction in Innovation: The Role of Transfer Channels and Policy Support, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 24-068, Mannheim. Download
• Krieger, Bastian and Fabian Trottner (2024), Trade in Services and Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 24-056, Mannheim. Download
• Carioli, Paolo, Dirk Czarnitzki and Gastón P. Fernández (2024), Evidence on the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Skills Shortage, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 24-013, Mannheim. Download
• Krieger, Bastian, Malte Pruefer and Linus Strecke (2024), Public Procurement Can Hinder Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 24-009, Mannheim. Download

2023

• Carioli, Paolo and Dirk Czarnitzki (2023), Skills Shortage and Innovation Openness, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-031, Mannheim. Download
• Kraft, Kornelius and Christian Rammer (2023), Intended and Unintended Knowledge Spillovers in Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-015, Mannheim. Download
• Trunschke, Markus, Dirk Czarnitzki, Bettina Peters and Christian Rammer (2023), Pandemic Effects: Is the German Innovation System Suffering from Long-COVID?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-014, Mannheim. Download
• Axenbeck, Janna, Irene Bertschek, Patrick Breithaupt and Daniel Erdsiek (2023), Firm Digitalisation and Mobility – Do Covid-19-Related Changes Persist?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-011, Mannheim. Download
• Krieger, Bastian (2023), Heterogeneous Regional University Funding and Firm Innovation: An Empirical Analysis of the German Excellence Initiative, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-006, Mannheim. Download

2022

• Rammer, Christian, Knut Blind and Crispin Niebel (2022), The Impact of the EU General Data Protection Regulation on Innovation in Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 22-047, Mannheim. Download
• Blind, Knut, Bastian Krieger and Maikel Pellens (2022), The Interplay between Product Innovation, Publishing, Patenting and Developing Standards, ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 22-018, Mannheim. Download
• Horbach, Jens and Christian Rammer (2022), Climate Change Affectedness and Innovation in German Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 22-008, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk, Gastón P. Fernández and Christian Rammer (2022), Artificial Intelligence and Firm-Level Productivity, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 22-005, Mannheim. Download
• Rammer, Christian (2022), Measuring Process Innovation Output: Results from Firm-Level Panel Data, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 22-002, Mannheim. Download

2021

• Giebel, Marek and Kornelius Kraft (2021), Subsidies and Innovation in the Recent Financial Crisis, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 21-097, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Marek Giebel (2021), Financial Constraints for R&D and Innovation: New Evidence From a Survey Experiment, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 21-084, Mannheim. Download
• Krieger, Bastian and Vera Zipperer (2021), Does Green Public Procurement Trigger Environmental Innovations?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 21-071, Mannheim. Download
• Rammer, Christian, Dirk Czarnitzki and Gastón P. Fernández (2021), Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Innovation: Evidence From Firm-Level Data, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 21-036, Mannheim. Download

2020

• Wittenstein, Daniel (2020), Champions of Digital Transformation? The Dynamic Capabilities of Hidden Champions, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-065, Mannheim. Download
• Breithaupt, Patrick, Reinhold Kesler, Thomas Niebel and Christian Rammer (2020), Intangible Capital Indicators Based on Web Scraping of Social Media, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-046, Mannheim. Download
• Böing, Philipp and Paul Hünermund (2020), A Global Decline in Research Productivity? Evidence from China and Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-030, Mannheim, erschienen in: Economics Letters. Download
• Trunschke, Markus, Christian Rammer and Felix Roth (2020), Measuring Organisation Capital at the Firm Level: A Production Function Approach, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-021, Mannheim. Download
• Giebel, Marek and Kornelius Kraft (2020), R&D Investment Under Financing Constraints, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-018, Mannheim. Download
• Horbach, Jens and Christian Rammer (2020), Labor Shortage and Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-009, Mannheim. Download
• Holl, Adelheid, Bettina Peters and Christian Rammer (2020), Local Knowledge Spillovers and Innovation Persistence of Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-005, Mannheim. Download
• Krüger, Miriam, Jan Kinne, David Lenz and Bernd Resch (2020), The Digital Layer: How Innovative Firms Relate on the Web, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 20-003, Mannheim. Download

2019

• Axenbeck, Janna and Patrick Breithaupt (2019), Web-Based Innovation Indicators – Which Firm Website Characteristics Relate to Firm-Level Innovation Activity?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 19-063, Mannheim. Download
• Horbach, Jens and Christian Rammer (2019), Employment and Performance Effects of Circular Economy Innovations, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 19-016, Mannheim. Download
• Rammer, Christian and Alfred Spielkamp (2019), The Distinct Features of Hidden Champions in Germany: A Dynamic Capabilities View, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 19-012, Mannheim. Download
• Comin, Diego, Georg Licht, Maikel Pellens and Torben Schubert (2019), Do Companies Benefit from Public Research Organizations? The Impact of the Fraunhofer Society in Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 19-006, Mannheim. Download
• Kinne, Jan and David Lenz (2019), Predicting Innovative Firms Using Web Mining and Deep Learning, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 19-001, Mannheim. Download

2018

• Peters, Bettina, Mark J. Roberts and Van Anh Vuong (2018), Firm R&D Investment and Export Market Exposure, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 18-047, Mannheim. Download
• Peters, Bettina, Rebecca Riley, Iulia Siedschlag, Priit Vahter and John McQuinn (2018), Internationalisation, Innovation and Productivity in Services: Evidence from Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 18-009, Mannheim, published in: Review of World Economics. Download
• Köhler, Mila (2018), Estimating the Benefits of R&D Subsidies for Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 18-002, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk, Paul Hünermund and Nima Moshgbar (2018), Public Procurement as Policy Instrument for Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 18-001, Mannheim. Download

2017

• Giebel, Marek and Kornelius Kraft (2017), External Financing Constraints and Firm’s Innovative Activities During the Financial Crisis, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 17-064, Mannheim. Download
• Horbach, Jens and Christian Rammer (2017), Energy Transition in Germany and Regional Spillovers: What Triggers the Diffusion of Renewable Energy in Firms?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 17-044, Mannheim. Download
• Köhler, Mila and Bettina Peters (2017), Subsidized and Non-Subsidized R&D Projects: Do They Differ?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 17-042, Mannheim. Download

2016

• Crass, Dirk, Christian Rammer and Birgit Aschhoff (2016), Geographical Clustering and the Effectiveness of Public Innovation Programs, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-083, Mannheim. Download
• Rammer, Christian, Jan Kinne and Knut Blind (2016), Microgeography of Innovation in the City: Location Patterns of Innovative Firms in Berlin, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-080, Mannheim. Download
• Dachs, Bernhard, Martin Hud, Christian Köhler and Bettina Peters (2016), Innovation, Creative Destruction, and Structural Change: Firm-Level Evidence from European Countries, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-077, Mannheim, published in: Industry and Innovation. Download
• Dachs, Bernhard, Martin Hud, Christian Köhler and Bettina Peters (2016), Employment Effects of Innovations over the Business Cycle: Firm-Level Evidence from European Countries, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-076, Mannheim. Download
• Rammer, Christian, Sandra Gottschalk, Michael Peneder, Martin Wörter, Tobias Stucki and Spyros Arvanitis (2016), Does Energy Policy Hurt International Competitiveness of Firms? A Comparative Study for Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-075, Mannheim. Download
• Crass, Dirk, Francisco Garcia Valero, Francesco Pitton and Christian Rammer (2016), Protecting Innovation Through Patents and Trade Secrets: Determinants and Performance Impacts for Firms with a Single Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-061, Mannheim. Download
• Schubert, Torben, Elisabeth Baier und Christian Rammer (2016), Technological Capabilities, Technological Dynamism and Innovation Offshoring, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-044, Mannheim. Download
• Rammer, Christian and Bettina Peters (2016), Investitionsschwäche oder Strukturverschiebung der Investitionstätigkeit? Zur Rolle immaterieller Investitionen für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-037, Mannheim. Download
• Rammer, Christian and Torben Schubert (2016), Concentration on the Few? R&D and Innovation in German Firms 2001 to 2013, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-005, Mannheim. Download
• Crass, Dirk, Dirk Czarnitzki and Andrew Toole (2016), The Dynamic Relationship Between Investments in Brand Equity and Firm Profitability: Evidence Using Trademark Registrations, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 16-004, Mannheim. Download

2015

• Czarnitzki, Dirk, Julie Delanote (2015), R&D Policies for Young SMEs: Input and Output Effects, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 15-032, Mannheim, published in: Small Business Economics. Download
• Hud, Martin, Christian Rammer (2015), Innovation Budgeting Over the Business Cycle and Innovation Performance, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 15-030, Mannheim. Download
• Peters, Bettina, Mark J. Roberts and Van Anh Vuong (2015), Dynamic R&D Choice and the Impact of the Firm’s Financial Strength, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 15-083, Mannheim, published in: Economics of Innovation and New Technology. Download
• Giebel, Marek and Kornelius Kraft (2015), The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Investments in Innovative Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 15-069, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Julie Delanote (2015), R&D Policies for Young SMEs: Input and Output Effects, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 15-032, Mannheim, published in: Small Business Economics. Download
• Fries, Claudia (2015), Spillover Effects of Labour Market Reforms in a Three-Country World, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 15-040, Mannheim. Download

2014

• Crass, Dirk and Bettina Peters (2014), Intangible Assets and Firm-Level Productivity, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-120, Mannheim. Download
• Crass, Dirk (2014), The Impact of Brand Use on Innovation Performance – Empirical Results for Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-119, Mannheim. Download
• Crass, Dirk (2014), Which Firms Use Trademarks – and Why? Representative Firm-Level Evidence from Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-118, Mannheim. Download
• Hottenrott, Hanna and Cindy Lopes-Bento (2014), R&D Partnerships and Innovation Performance: Can There be too Much of a Good Thing?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-108, Mannheim, published in: Journal of Product Innovation Management. Download
• Andries, Petra and Paul Hünermund (2014), Staging Innovation Projects: (When) Does it Pay Off?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-091, Mannheim. Download
• Köhler, Christian (2014), Bargaining in Vertical Relationships and Suppliers’ R&D Profitability, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-087, Mannheim. Download
• Bartelsmann, Eric, Sabien Dobbelaere and Bettina Peters (2014), Allocation of Human Capital and Innovation at the Frontier: Firm-Level Evidence on Germany and the Netherlands, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-064, Mannheim. Download
• Crass, Dirk, Georg Licht and Bettina Peters (2014), Intangible Assets and Investments at the Sector Level – Empirical Evidence for Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-049, Mannheim. Download
• Rexhäuser, Sascha and Andreas Löschel (2014), Invention in Energy Technologies: Comparing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Inventions at the Firm Level, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-036, Mannheim. Download
• Hud, Martin and Katrin Hussinger (2014), The Impact of R&D Subsidies During the Crisis, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-024, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download

2013

• Hottenrott, Hanna and Sascha Rexhäuser (2013), Policy-Induced Environmental Technology and Inventive Efforts: Is There a Crowding Out?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-115, Mannheim. Download
• Baier, Elisabeth, Christian Rammer and Torben Schubert (2013), The Impact of Innovation Off-shoring on Organizational Adaptability, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-109, Mannheim. Download
• Schwiebacher, Franz (2013), Does Fragmented or Heterogeneous IP Ownership Stifle Investments in Innovation?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-096, Mannheim. Download
• Peters, Bettina, Mark J. Roberts, Van Anh Vuong and Helmut Fryges (2013), Estimating Dynamic R&D Demand: An Analysis of Costs and Long-Run Benefits, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-089, Mannheim, published in: RAND Journal of Economics. Download
• Ghisetti, Claudia and Klaus Rennings (2013), Environmental Innovations and Profitability: How Does it Pay To Be Green?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-073, Mannheim. Download
• Cappelli, Riccardo, Dirk Czarnitzki and Kornelius Kraft (2013), Sources of Spillovers for Imitation and Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-064, Mannheim. Download
• Crass, Dirk and Franz Schwiebacher (2013), Do Trademarks Diminish the Substitutability of Products in Innovative Knowledge-Intensive Services?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-061, Mannheim. Download
• Heger, Diana and Alexandra K. Zaby (2013), A Look at Both Sides of the Coin: Investigating the Protective and the Disclosure Effect of Patenting, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-048, Mannheim. Download
• Dachs, Bernhard and Bettina Peters (2013), Innovation, Employment Growth, and Foreign Ownership of Firms - A European Perspective, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 13-019, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download

2012

• Slivkó, Olga (2012), Innovation Strategies of German Firms: The Effect of Competition and Intellectual Property Protection, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-089, Mannheim. Download
• Rammer, Christian and Christian Köhler (2012), Innovationen, Anlageinvestitionen und immaterielle Investitionen, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-085, Mannheim, published in: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter. Download
• Köhler, Christian and Christian Rammer (2012), Buyer Power and Suppliers' Incentives to Innovate, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-058, Mannheim. Download
• Hottenrott, Hanna, Sascha Rexhäuser and Reinhilde Veugelers (2012), Green Innovations and Organizational Change: Making Better Use of Environmental Technology, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-043, Mannheim. Download
• Schwiebacher, Franz (2012), Complementary Assets, Patent Thickets and Hold-Up Threats – Do Transaction Costs Undermine Investments in Innovation?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-015, Mannheim. Download
• Heger, Diana and Alexandra K. Zaby (2012), Giving Away the Game? The Impact of the Disclosure Effect on the Patenting Decision, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-010, Mannheim, published in: Oxford Economic Papers. Download
• Horbach, Jens and Klaus Rennings (2012), Environmental Innovation and Employment Dynamics in Different Technology Fields - An Analysis Based on the German Community Innovation Survey 2009, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-006, Mannheim. Download

2011

• Klingebiel, Ronald and Christian Rammer (2011), Resource Allocation Flexibility for Innovation Performance: The Effects of Breadth, Uncertainty, and Selectiveness, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-073, Mannheim, published in: Strategic Management Journal. Download
• Rammer, Christian (2011), Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise auf die Innovationstätigkeit der Unternehmen in Deutschland, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-070, Mannheim, published in: Vierteljahreshefte zur Wirtschaftspolitik. Download
• Höwer, Daniel, Tobias Schmidt and Wolfgang Sofka (2011), An Information Economics Perspective on Main Bank Relationships and Firm R&D, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-055, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Cindy Lopes-Bento (2011), Innovation Subsidies: Does the Funding Source Matter for Innovation Intensity and Performance? Empirical Evidence from Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-053, Mannheim, published in: Industry and Innovation. Download
• Hussinger, Katrin and Annelies Wastyn (2011), In Search for the Not-Invented-Here Syndrome: The Role of Knowledge Sources and Firm Success, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-048, Mannheim. Download
• Rexhäuser, Sascha and Christian Rammer (2011), Unmasking the Porter Hypothesis: Environmental Innovations and Firm-Profitability, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-036, Mannheim, published in: Environmental and Resource Economics. Download
• Horbach, Jens, Christian Rammer and Klaus Rennings (2011), Determinants of Eco-innovations by Type of Environmental Impact. The Role of Regulatory Push/Pull, Technology Push and Market Pull, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-027, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk, Katrin Hussinger and Cédric Schneider (2011), R&D Collaboration with Uncertain Intellectual Property Rights, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-010, Mannheim, published in: Review of Industrial Organization. Download
• Peters, Bettina and Peter Westerheide (2011), Short-term Borrowing for Long-term Projects: Are Family Businesses More Susceptible to Irrational Financing Choices?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-006, Mannheim. Download
• Cuijpers, Maarten, Hannes Guenter and Katrin Hussinger (2011), Costs and Benefits of Inter-departmental Innovation Collaboration, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-003, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download
• Peters, Bettina and Anja Schmiele (2011), The Contribution of International R&D to Firm Profitability, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-002, Mannheim. Download

2010

• Peters, Bettina and Anja Schmiele (2010), The Influence of International Dispersed vs. Home-based R&D on Innovation Performance, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-102, Mannheim. Download
• Schmiele, Anja (2010), Intellectual Property Infringements due to R&D Abroad? A Comparative Analysis Between Firms with International and Domestic R&D Activities, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-099, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Bernd Ebersberger (2010), Do Direct R&D Subsidies Lead to the Monopolization of R&D in the Economy?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-078, Mannheim. Download
• Rennings, Klaus und Sascha Rexhäuser (2010), Long-Term Impacts of Environmental Policy and Eco-Innovative Activities of Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-074, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Cindy Lopes-Bento (2010), Evaluation of Public R&D Policies: A Cross-country Comparison, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-073, Mannheim, published in: World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development. Download
• Rennings, Klaus and Christian Rammer (2010), The Impact of Regulation-driven Environmental Innovation on Innovation Success and Firm Performance, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-065, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk, Johannes Dick and Katrin Hussinger (2010), The Contribution of Corporate Ventures to Radical Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-060, Mannheim. Download
• Wörter, Martin, Christian Rammer and Spyros Arvanitis (2010), Innovation, Competition and Incentives for R&D, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-039, Mannheim. Download
• Schopen, Kathrin and Bettina Peters (2010), Churning of R&D Personnel and Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-032, Mannheim. Download

2009

• Hottenrott, Hanna and Bettina Peters (2009), Innovative Capability and Financing Constraints for Innovation More Money, More Innovation?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-081, Mannheim, published in: Review of Economics and Statistics. Download
• Köhler, Christian, Wolfgang Sofka and Christoph Grimpe (2009), Selectivity in Search Strategies for Innovation – From Incremental to Radical, From Manufacturing to Services , ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-066, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download
• Schmiele, Anja (2009), Drivers for International Innovation Activities in Developed and Emerging Countries, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-064, Mannheim, published in: Journal of Technology Transfer. Download
• Sofka, Wolfgang and Christoph Grimpe (2009), Searching for Innovation in Market and Transition Economies: Evidence Across Europe, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-061, Mannheim, published in: Academy of Management. Download
• Rennings, Klaus and Christian Rammer (2009), Increasing Energy and Resource Efficiency Through Innovation – An Explorative Analysis Using Innovation Survey Data , ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-056, Mannheim. Download
• Grimpe, Christoph and Katrin Hussinger (2009), Inventions under Siege? The Impact of Technology Competition on Licensing, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-039, Mannheim, published in: Academy of Management. Download
• Aschhoff, Birgit (2009), The Effect of Subsidies on R&D Investment and Success – Do Subsidy History and Size Matter?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-032, Mannheim. Download
• Zimmermann, Jörg, Christoph Grimpe and Wolfgang Sofka (2009), Young, Open and International: The Impact of Search Strategies on the Internationalization of New Ventures, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-017, Mannheim. Download
• Sofka, Wolfgang and Christoph Grimpe (2009), Specialized Search and Innovation Performance – Evidence Across Europe, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-016, Mannheim, published in: R&D Management. Download
• Sofka, Wolfgang and Edlira Shehu (2009), Host Country Contingencies on Knowledge Protection Strategies of Multinational Firms – Bring a Knife to a Gunfight?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-002, Mannheim. Download

2008

• Harrison, Rupert, Jordi Jaumamdreu, Jaques Mairesse and Bettina Peters (2008), Does Innovation Stimulate Employment? A Firm-Level Analysis Using Comparable Micro-Data From Four European Countries, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-111, Mannheim. Download
• Cockburn, Iain M., Megan J. MacGarvie and Elisabeth Müller (2008), Patent Thickets, Licensing and Innovative Performance, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-101, Mannheim, published in: Industrial and Corporate Change. Download
• Rammer, Christian, Dirk Czarnitzki and Alfred Spielkamp (2008), Innovation Success of Non-R&D-Performers - Substituting Technology by Management in SMEs, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-092, Mannheim, published in: Small Business Economics. Download
• Schmidt, Tobias, Franz Schwiebacher and Wolfgang Sofka (2008), The Effects of Experience on Selecting Innovation Projects - Better the Devil You Know, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-084, Mannheim. Download
• Grimpe, Christoph and Katrin Hussinger (2008), Formal and Informal Technology Transfer from Academia to Industry: Complementarity Effects and Innovation Performance, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-080, Mannheim, published in: Industry and Innovation. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk, Federico Etro and Kornelius Kraft (2008), The Effect of Entry on R&D Investment of Leaders: Theory and Empirical Evidence, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-078, Mannheim. Download
• Sofka, Wolfgang and Christoph Grimpe (2008), Managing Search Strategies for Open Innovation - The Role of Environmental Munificence as well as Internal and External R&D, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-075, Mannheim. Download
• Gerlach, Heiko, Thomas Roende and Konrad Stahl (2008), Labor Pooling in R&D Intensive Industries, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-074, Mannheim, published in: Journal of Urban Economics. Download
• Heger, Diana and Kornelius Kraft (2008), A Test of the Quality of Concentration Indices, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-072, Mannheim. Download
• Heger, Diana and Kornelius Kraft (2008), Barriers to Entry and Profitability, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-071, Mannheim. Download
• Aschhoff, Birgit and Wolfgang Sofka (2008), Innovation on Demand - Can Public Procurement Drive Market Success of Innovations, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-052, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download
• Hottenrott, Hanna and Dirk Czarnitzki (2008), R&D Investment and Financing Constraints of Small and Medium-Sized Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-047, Mannheim, published in: Small Business Economics. Download
• Rammer, Christian and Anja Schmiele (2008), Drivers and Effects of Internationalising Innovation by SMEs, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-035, Mannheim, published in: Applied Economics Quarterly. Download
• Aschhoff, Birgit and Wolfgang Sofka (2008), Successful Patterns of Scientific Knowledge Sourcing – Mix and Match, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-033, Mannheim. Download
• Faria, Pedro and Wolfgang Sofka (2008), Formal and Strategic Appropriability Strategies of Multinational Firms – A Cross Country Comparison, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-030, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download
• Aschhoff, Birgit (2008), Who Gets the Money? The Dynamics of R&D Project Subsidies in Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-018, Mannheim, published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Andrew A. Toole (2008), The R&D Investment-Uncertainty Relationship: Do Competition and Firm Size Matter?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-013, Mannheim, published in: Managerial and Decision Economics. Download
• Hottenrott, Hanna and Dirk Czarnitzki (2008), Financial Constraints: Routine Versus Cutting Edge R&D Investment, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-005, Mannheim, published in: Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. Download
• Grimpe, Christoph and Ulrich Kaiser (2008), Gains and Pains from Contract Research: A Transaction and Firm-level Perspective, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 08-002, Mannheim. Download

2007

• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2007), Mitarbeiteranreizsysteme und Innovationserfolg, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 07-075, Mannheim, published in: Zeitschrift für Arbeitsmarktforschung. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2007), Spillovers of Innovation Activities and Their Profitability, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 07-073, Mannheim, published in: Oxford Economic Papers. Download
• Grimpe, Christoph and Wolfgang Sofka (2007), Search Patterns and Absorptive Capacity: A Comparison of Low- and High-Technology Firms from Thirteen European Countries, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 07-062, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download
• Sofka, Wolfgang (2007), What Makes Foreign Knowledge Attractive to Domestic Innovation Managers?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 07-055, Mannheim. Download
• Schmidt, Tobias and Christian Rammer (2007), Non-technological and Technological Innovation: Strange Bedfellows?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 07-052, Mannheim. Download
• Schmiele, Anja and Wolfgang Sofka (2007), Internationalizing R&D Co-opetition: Dress for the Dance with the Devil, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 07-045, Mannheim, published in: MIT Sloan Management Review. Download

2006

• Aerts, Kris and Tobias Schmidt (2006), Two for the Price of One? On Additionality Effects of R&D Subsidies: A Comparison Between Flanders and Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-063, Mannheim, published in: Research Policy. Download
• Aschhoff, Birgit and Tobias Schmidt (2006), Empirical Evidence on the Success of R&D Co-operation - Happy together?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-059, Mannheim, published in: Review of Industrial Organization. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Andrew Toole (2006), Patent Protection, Market Uncertainty, and R&D Investment , ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-056, Mannheim, published in: Review of Economics and Statistics. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Andrew Toole (2006), Business R&D and the Interplay of R&D Subsidies and Market Uncertainty, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-055, Mannheim, published in: Review of Industrial Organization. Download
• Schmidt, Tobias (2006), An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Patents and Secrecy on Knowledge Spillovers, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-048, Mannheim. Download
• Aschhoff, Birgit, Andreas Fier and Heide Löhlein (2006), Detecting Behavioural Additionality - An Empirical Study on the Impact of Public R&D Funding on Firms’ Cooperative Behaviour in Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-037, Mannheim, published in: OECD, Government R&D Funding and Company Behaviour, Measuring Behavioural Additionality. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2006), R&D and Firm Performance in a Transition Economy, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-033, Mannheim, published in: Kyklos. Download
• Sofka, Wolfgang (2006), Innovation Activities Abroad and the Effects of Liability of Foreignness: Where it Hurts, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-029, Mannheim. Download
• Sofka, Wolfgang and Thorsten Teichert (2006), Global Sensing and Sensibility - A Multi-Stage Matching Assessment of Competitive Advantage from Foreign Sources of Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-009, Mannheim, published in: Best Paper Proceedings of the Sixty-fifth Annual meeting of the Academy of Management. Download
• Schmidt, Tobias and Wolfgang Sofka (2006), Lost in Translation - Empirical Evidence for Liability of Foreignness as Barriers to Knowledge Spillovers, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 06-001, Mannheim, published in: Journal of International Management. Download

2005

• Peters, Bettina (2005), Persistence of Innovation: Stylised Facts and Panel Data Evidence, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 05-81, Mannheim, published in: Journal of Technology Transfer. Download
• Arnold, Jens Matthias and Katrin Hussinger (2005), Exports versus FDI in German Manufacturing: Firm Performance and Participation in International Markets, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 05-73, Mannheim, published in: Review of International Economics. Download
• Schmidt, Tobias (2005), Absorptive Capacity – One Size Fits All? A Firm-level Analysis of Absorptive Capacity for Different Kinds of Knowledge, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 05-72, Mannheim, published in: Managerial and Decision Economics. Download
• Sofka, Wolfgang (2005), Global Idea Sourcing An empirical investigation into the mechanisms behind the usage of foreign business sources for innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 05-53, Mannheim, published in: Management International Review (mir). Download
•   Hussinger, Katrin (2005), Did Concentration on Core Competencies Drive Merger and Acquisition Activities in the 1990s?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 05-41, Mannheim, published in: Technovation. Download  
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2005), License Expenditures of Incumbents and Potential Entrants: An Empirical Analysis of Firm Behavior, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 05-35, Mannheim, published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. Download
• Schmidt, Tobias (2005), Knowledge Flows and R&D Co-operation: Firm-level Evidence from Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 05-22, Mannheim. Download
• Fier, Andreas, Diana Heger and Katrin Hussinger (2005), Die Wirkungsanalyse staatlicher Förderprogramme durch den Einsatz von Matching- und Selektionsmodellen am Beispiel der Fertigungstechnik, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 05-09, Mannheim, published in: Veröffentlichung des Round Table Mittelstandes. Download
• Harrison, Rupert, Jordi Jaumandreu, Jacques Mairesse and Bettina Peters (2005), Does Innovation Stimulate Employment? A Firm-Level Analysis Using Comparable Micro Data from Four European Countries

2004

• Sofka, Wolfgang and Tobias Schmidt (2004), I Like The Way You Move: An Empirical Investigation into the Mechanisms Behind First Mover and Follower Strategies, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-87, Mannheim. Download
• Heger, Diana (2004), The Link Between Firms’ Innovation Decision and the Business Cycle: An Empirical Analysis, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-85, Mannheim. Download
• Kaiser, Ulrich and Christian Kongsted (2004), True Versus Spurious State Dependence in Firm Performance: The Case of West German Exports, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-81, Mannheim, published in: Empirical Economics. Download
• Hussinger, Katrin (2004), Is Silence Golden? Patents versus Secrecy at the Firm Level, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-78, Mannheim, published in: Economics of Innovation and New Technology. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2004), Capital Control, Debt Financing and Innovative Activity, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-75, Mannheim, published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. Download
• Peters, Bettina (2004), Employment Effects of Different Innovation Activities: Microeconometric Evidence, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-73, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Georg Licht (2004), Die Rolle der Innovationsförderung im Aufholprozess Ostdeutschlands, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-68, Mannheim, published in: D. Engel (Hrsg.), Mittelstandsfinanzierung, Basel II und die Wirkung öffentlicher und privater Kapitalhilfen, Veröffentlichung des Round Table Mittelstandes Bd. 5, Berlin. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Katrin Hussinger (2004), The Link between R&D Subsidies, R&D Spending and Technological Performance, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-56, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2004), On the Profitability of Innovative Assets, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-38, Mannheim, published in: Applied Economics. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk, Bernd Ebersberger and Andreas Fier (2004), The Relationship between R&D Collaboration, Subsidies and Patenting Activity: Empirical Evidence from Finland and Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-37, Mannheim, published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics. Download
• Arnold, Jens Matthias and Katrin Hussinger (2004), Export Behavior and Firm Productivity in German Manufacturing A Firm-level Analysis, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-12, Mannheim, published in: Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv). Download
• Bönte, Werner and Max Keilbach (2004), Concubinage or Marriage? Informal and Formal Cooperations for Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-11, Mannheim, published in: International Journal of Industrial Organization. Download
• Hempell, Thomas, George van Leeuwen and Henry van der Wiel (2004), ICT, Innovation and Business Performance in Services: Evidence for Germany and the Netherlands, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 04-06, Mannheim, published in: OECD (ed.): The Economic Impact of ICT, Measurement, Evidence and Implications, Paris, pp. 131-152. Download

2003

• Hussinger, Katrin (2003), R&D and Subsidies at the Firm Level: An Application of Parametric and Semi-Parametric Two-Step Selection Models, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-63, Mannheim. Download
• Gottschalk, Sandra (2003), Microdata Disclosure by Resampling – Empirical Findings for Business Survey Data, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-55, Mannheim. Download
• Beise-Zee, Marian and Christian Rammer (2003), Local User-Producer Interaction in Innovation and Export Performance of Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-51, Mannheim. Download
• Janz, Norbert, Hans Lööf and Bettina Peters (2003), Firm Level Innovation and Productivity - Is there a Common Story Across Countries?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-26, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk (2003), Extent and Evolution of the Productivity Gap in Eastern Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-25, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Andreas Fier (2003), Publicly Funded R&D Collaborations and Patent Outcome in Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-24, Mannheim. Download
• Hempell, Thomas (2003), Do Computers Call for Training? Firm-level Evidence on Complementarities Between ICT and Human Capital Investments, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-20, Mannheim. Download
• Lööf, Hans und Almas Heshmati (2003), The Link Between Firm-Level Innovation and Aggregate Productivity Growth A Cross-Country Examination, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-07, Mannheim, published in: Research Evaluation (will be published soon). Download

2002

• Fauchart, Emmanuelle and Max Keilbach (2002), What Drives Market Structure? On the Relation Between Firm Demographic Processes, Firms’ Innovative Behaviour and Market Structure., ZEW Discussion Paper No. 02-77, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk (2002), Research and Development: Financial Constraints and the Role of Public Funding for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 02-74, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2002), Measuring the Impact of Innovation on Firm Value: A New Approach, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 02-73, Mannheim. Download
• Hempell, Thomas (2002), Does Experience Matter? Innovations and the Productivity of ICT in German Services, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 02-43, Mannheim, published in: Economics of Innovation and New Technology 14(4), 2005, pp. 277-303. Download
• Hempell, Thomas (2002), What's Spurious? What's Real? Measuring the Productivity Impacts of ICT at the Firm-Level, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 02-42, Mannheim, published in: Empirical Economics 30(3), 2005, pp. 427-464.. Download
• Gottschalk, Sandra (2002), Anonymisierung von Unternehmensdaten , ZEW Discussion Paper No. 02-23, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Andreas Fier (2002), Do Innovation Subsidies Crowd Out Private Investment? Evidence from the German Service Sector, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 02-04, Mannheim. Download

2001

• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2001), Unternehmensleitung und Innovationserfolg, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-70, Mannheim. Download
• Fier, Andreas and Dietmar Harhoff (2001), Die Evolution der bundesdeutschen Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik: Rückblick und Bestandsaufnahme, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-61, Mannheim. Download
• Gottschalk, Sandra and Norbert Janz (2001), Innovation Dynamics and Endogenous Market Structure, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-39, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2001), Firm Leadership and Innovative Performance: Evidence from Seven EU Countries, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-35, Mannheim. Download
• Kaiser, Ulrich (2001), Product Innovation and Product Innovation Marketing: Theory and Microeconometric Evidence, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-31, Mannheim. Download
• Falk, Martin (2001), Organizational Change, New Information and Communication Technologies and the Demand for Labor in Services, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-25, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Andreas Fier (2001), Do R&D Subsidies Matter? - Evidence for the German Service Sector, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-19, Mannheim. Download
• Jacobebbinghaus, Peter and Thomas Zwick (2001), New Technologies and the Demand for Medium Qualified Labour in Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-12, Mannheim. Download
• Almus, Matthias and Dirk Czarnitzki (2001), The Effects of Public R&D Subsidies on Firms' Innovation Activities: The Case of Eastern Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-10, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk (2001), Die Auswirkungen der Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik auf die Innovationsaktivitäten ostdeutscher Unternehmen, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-05, Mannheim. Download

2000

• Czarnitzki, Dirk and K. Kraft (2000), Management Control and Innovative Activity, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 00-68, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Alfred Spielkamp (2000), Business Services in Germany: Bridges for Innovation, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 00-52, Mannheim. Download
• Zwick, Thomas (2000), Empirical Determinants of Employee Resistance Against Innovations, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 00-47, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2000), Haftungsregeln und Innovationen, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 00-38, Mannheim. Download
• Kaiser, Ulrich (2000), Research Cooperation and Research Expenditures, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 00-25, Mannheim. Download
• Czarnitzki, Dirk and Kornelius Kraft (2000), An Empirical Test of the Asymmetric Models on Innovative-Activity: Who Invests More into R&D - the Incumbent or the Challenger?, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 00-10, Mannheim. Download

1999

• Kaiser, Ulrich (1999), Measuring Knowledge Spillovers in Manufacturing and Services: An Empirical Assessment of Alternative Approaches, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 99-62, Mannheim. Download
• Falk, Martin (1999), Technological Innovations and the Expected Demand for Skilled Labour at the Firm Level, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 99-59, Mannheim. Download
• Falk, Martin and K. Seim (1999), The Impact of Information Technology on High-Skilled Labour in Services: Evidence from Firm Level Panel Data , ZEW Discussion Paper No. 99-58, Mannheim. Download
• Ebling, Günther and Norbert Janz (1999), Export and Innovation Activities in the German Service Sector: Empirical Evidence at the Firm Level, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 99-53, Mannheim. Download
• Pfeiffer, Friedhelm and Klaus Rennings (1999), Employment Impacts of Cleaner Production - Evidence from a German Study Using Case Studies and Surveys, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 99-32, Mannheim. Download
• Falk, Martin and K. Seim (1999), Workers Skill Level and Information Technology - Evidence from German Service Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 99-14, Mannheim. Download
• Kaiser, Ulrich (1999), New technologies and the demand for heterogeneous labor: Firm-level evidence for the German business-related services sector, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 99-07, Mannheim. Download

1998

• Spielkamp, A. and Katrin Cremers (1998), Mapping Innovative Clusters in National Innovation Systems, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 98-45, Mannheim. Download
• Beise-Zee, Marian and H. Stahl (1998), Public Research and Industrial Innovations in Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 98-37, Mannheim. Download
• Kaiser, Ulrich and Georg Licht (1998), R&D cooperation and R&D intensity: Theory and Micro-Econometric Evidence for Germany, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 98-32, Mannheim. Download
• Felder, Johannes and A. Spielkamp (1998), Innovationsstrategien und Forschungsaktivitäten ostdeutscher Unternehmen, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 98-14, Mannheim, published in: M. Fritsch, F.Meyer-Krahmer, F. Pleschak/Hrsg.): Innovationen in Ostdeutschland - Potentiale und Probleme. Schriftenreihe des Fraunhofer-Institutes für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung(ISI), Band 34. Download
• Heinemann, Friedrich (1998), Die Theorie der optimalen Währungsräume und die politische Reformfähigkeit - ein vernachlässigtes Kriterium, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 98-02, Mannheim. Download

1997

• Licht, Georg and Dietmar Moch (1997), Innovation und Information Technology Services, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 97-20, Mannheim. Download
• Harhoff, Dietmar (1997), Innovationsanreize in einem strukturellen Oligopolmodell, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 97-16, Mannheim. Download
• Spielkamp, A. (1997), Grenzen und Reichweiten Nationaler Innovationssysteme und forschungspolitische Implikationen, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 97-15, Mannheim. Download
• Pfeiffer, Friedhelm (1997), Human Capital and Innovation in East and West-German Manufacturing Firms, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 97-08, Mannheim. Download

1996

• Licht, Georg and K. Zoz (1996), Patents and R&D. An Econometric Investigation Using Applications for German, Europeans and US Patents by German Companies, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 96-19, Mannheim. Download
• Beise-Zee, Marian and A. Spielkamp (1996), Technologietransfer von Hochschulen: Ein Insider-Outsider-Effekt, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 96-10, Mannheim. Download

1995

• Felder, J., Georg Licht, E. Nerlinger und H. Stahl (1995), Appropriability, Opportunity, Firm Size and Innovation Activity, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 95-21, Mannheim. Download
• Harhoff, Dietmar, K. Stahl und M. Woywode (1995), Growth and Exit of West German Firms. Am Empirical Investigation on the Impact of Liability Statutes, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 95-15, Mannheim. Download

1993

• Felder, J., Georg Licht, E. Nerlinger and M. Smid (1993), Ergebnisse zu der Piloterhebung zum Mannheimer Innovations Panel, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 93-22, Mannheim. Download
• Licht, Georg and Dietmar Harhoff (1993), Das Mannheimer Innovationspanel, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 93-21, Mannheim. Download