When academic spin-offs are compared with other research- and knowledge-intensive start-ups, it is apparent that spin-offs are significantly more research- and knowledge-oriented than other start-ups. This fact…
This study investigates the causes and consequences of import and export smuggling and estimates its relative size in Iran from 1970 to 2002. Multiple Indicators–Multiple Causes (MIMIC) modeling and trade…
The Iranian economy is highly vulnerable to oil price fluctuations. This paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between oil price shocks and major macroeconomic variables in Iran by applying a VAR approach. The…
Digit distributions are a popular tool for the detection of tax payers’ noncompliance and other fraud. In the early stage of digital analysis, Nigrini and Mittermaier (A J Pract Theory 16(2):52–67, 1997) made…
