ZEW Discussion Papers

Patent-based measures are the most frequently used indicators in empirical research on innovation and technological change. In particular, patent forward citations have become an established measure for the…

Many studies of spatial policy interdependence in (local) fiscal policies concentrate on the relations between jurisdictions within a single region. These works usually disregard possible extra-regional effects.…

Many studies found that women-owned firms underperform when comparing performance indicators at an aggregate level. The performance gap might be attributed to gender differences in personal and firm…

Governments are subject to a number of constraints that affect their ability to set fiscal policy optimally. This paper considers two. Firstly, governments are inevitably imperfectly informed about the…

In this paper, we examine how school enrollment at a relatively younger or older age in relation to age-based cut-off dates for school entry affects the development of non-cognitive skills. Specifically, we…

The aim of this paper is to provide an empirical backbone to the debate about the macroeconomic effects of large upward exchange rate adjustments of tightly managed or pegged exchange rate regimes. Using a…

The goal of clustering is to partition the objects (here: persons) into groups which ideally should be homogenous and well-separated (i.e. low within-group and high between-groups heterogeneity). In the context…

Our paper analyzes the corporate financing behavior of German residential property companies. The German residential property industry is characterized by a predominance of nonlisted companies with different…

The education variable in the IAB datasets suffers from problems like missing and misclassified values. The data problems do not occur randomly, but are highly associated with other variables from the dataset.…