1. Discussion and Working Paper // 2008

    Smuggling around the World: Evidence from a Structural Equation Model

    In recent years, the causes and consequences of smuggling have attracted much attention in the media, mainly thanks to academics and policy makers. While a large body of literature is devoted to theoretical…

  2. Discussion and Working Paper // 2008

    The effects of oil price shocks on the Iranian economy: applying a VAR model

    The Iranian economy is highly vulnerable to oil price fluctuations. This paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between oil price shocks and major macroeconomic variables in Iran by applying a VAR approach.…

  3. Discussion and Working Paper // 2008

    Illegal Trade in the Iranian Economy: Evidence from a Structural Model

    This study investigates the main causes and consequences of import and export smuggling and estimates the relative index of smuggling in Iran from 1970 to 2002. The Multiple Indicators - Multiple Causes…

  4. Discussion and Working Paper // 2008

    Illegal Trade in the Iranian Economy: Evidence from a Structural Model

    This study investigates the main causes and indicators of smuggling in both import and export sections of the Iranian Economy and estimates an absolute index of smuggling in Iran during the period 1970-2002.…

  5. Discussion and Working Paper // 2008

    Additionality Effects of Public R&D Funding: 'R' versus 'D'

    Several studies have already addressed the question whether R&D subsidies lead to additionality effects or crowd out firms' private investment. This paper provides insights into the impact of R&D grants on…

  6. Discussion and Working Paper // 2008

    Self-Productivity and Complementarities in Human Development: Evidence from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk

    This paper investigates the role of self-productivity and home resources in capability formation from infancy to adolescence. In addition, we study the complementarities between basic cognitive, motor and…

  7. Discussion and Working Paper // 2008

    Educational Expansion and its Heterogeneous Returns for Wage Workers

    This paper examines the evolution of returns to education in the West German labour market over the last two decades. During this period, graduates from the period of educational expansion entered the labour…