ZEW Discussion Papers

One of grand challenges which are faced by Russia today is to deregulate its gas market while favouring longer-term growth of economy. From the mid-2000s onwards, the key component of the reforms has become…

Book-tax conformity is an old issue in Germany. For more than one hundred years the determination of corporate taxable income has been characterized by the so-called Maßgeblichkeitsprinzip, which governs the…

During recent decades European antitrust authorities have increasingly focused on the fight against cartels within the European market. Numerous alterations in European competition law, such as leniency…

Underinvestment in research and development (R&D) due to financing constraints may result in a slowdown in productivity growth and consequently have particularly detrimental effects on technological progress,…

The academic and policy debate on the role and the consequences of university–industry interactions has led a substantial body of empirical studies on numerous forms of interactions that occur between academe…

Collaborative research and development (R&D) may be seen as a response to shifting knowledge environments enabling firms to cope with technological challenges. As stressed by Jones (2008), innovation increases…

As of 2008, Germany has severely changed its thin capitalization rule by introducing the so-called interest barrier. This new rule aims at prohibiting tax avoidance of multinational firms by means of…

In this paper, we develop an agent-based model of the financial market. Agent-based modeling is a simulation-based technique that is gaining popularity in economics. In an agent-based model autonomously acting…

In 2007, international shipping emitted 870 million tons of CO2, which represents about 2.7 percent of worldwide CO2 emissions and it is expected that the emissions from ships will continue to increase…