ZEW Discussion Papers

Underinvestment in research and development (R&D) due to financing constraints may result in a slowdown in productivity growth and consequently have particularly detrimental effects on technological progress,…

The academic and policy debate on the role and the consequences of university–industry interactions has led a substantial body of empirical studies on numerous forms of interactions that occur between academe…

Collaborative research and development (R&D) may be seen as a response to shifting knowledge environments enabling firms to cope with technological challenges. As stressed by Jones (2008), innovation increases…

As of 2008, Germany has severely changed its thin capitalization rule by introducing the so-called interest barrier. This new rule aims at prohibiting tax avoidance of multinational firms by means of…

In this paper, we develop an agent-based model of the financial market. Agent-based modeling is a simulation-based technique that is gaining popularity in economics. In an agent-based model autonomously acting…

In 2007, international shipping emitted 870 million tons of CO2, which represents about 2.7 percent of worldwide CO2 emissions and it is expected that the emissions from ships will continue to increase…

Driven by the high energy demand for electricity, heating, and cooling, the building sector is a major consumer of fossil fuels and a major emitter of greenhousegases in Germany. Almost a third of the…

That the successful use of process technology crucially depends on the right organizational infrastructure is known for a long time as well as the fact that the adoption of new process technology may need…

While the German wage structure has long been considered relatively stable at lower percentiles, the past two decades have seen a clear tendency towards more earnings inequality at the bottom end of the…