1. Refereed Journal // 2012

    Reduction of the Effective Corporate Tax Burden in Romania from 1992 to 2012 and Romania’s Current Ranking among the Central and Eastern European Member States

    This article traces Romania's development to a low-tax country among the member states of the European Union by analysing the major tax law changes in corporate taxation since 1992. We compute and compare the…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-021 // 2012

    Transaction Costs and Tradable Permits: Empirical Evidence from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme

    In this paper, transaction costs of German firms, regulated under the EU emissions trading scheme (EU ETS) are examined empirically. Introduced in 2005, the EU ETS currently regulates carbon dioxide emissions…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-020 // 2012

    Up or Out: Research Incentives and Career Prospects of Postdocs in Germany

    The career prospects of young academics in Germany are the subject of an intensive public debate. During the early 2000s, the academic career path was characterized by the availability of only few tenured…

  4. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-019 // 2012

    Instrumental Variable Estimation of the Causal Effect of Hunger Early in Life on Health Later in Life

    Numerous studies have evaluated the effect of nutrition early in life on health much later in life by comparing individuals born during a famine to others. Nutritional intake is typically unobserved and…

  5. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-018 // 2012

    Which Form of Venture Capital Is Most Supportive of Innovation?

    There is a substantial body of literature on the extent to which firms that receive venture capital financing generate more innovation than non-venture-backed companies. Most studies find that, on average,…

  6. Expertises // 2012

    Potential of Venture Capital in the European Union

    This study gives an overview of the situation of the venture capital industry in the EU, its perspectives for and barriers to further development. In addition, suggestions for policy initiatives that may help to…