The aim of this study is as follows:(1) Defining the concept of competitiveness at different levels of economic units: - firms (micro level), - sectors (meso level),- regional/national economies (macro level). In addition, the study will discuss the shift from one definition to another at the micro/meso and meso/macro intersections.(2) For the purposes of the European Semester, establishing a set of indicators suitable for comparing the competitiveness of Member States over time and across Member States. These indicators will refer to the meso and macro levels only.(3) Developing a systematic grid of available indicators of competitiveness which relates to the three levels (micro-, meso-, and macro) and different policy objectives. Where appropriate, the hierarchy of indicators shall highlight interdependencies and dominant causal structures. (4) Determining the strengths and, more importantly, weaknesses of a number of commonly used competitiveness indicators, including their associated measurement problems or biases.